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Properties

Bioplastics cannot be externally distinguished from conventional mass plastics such as PE, PP or PS. They look like plastic and possess comparable usage properties. However based on their chemical structure, they possess technical properties which distinguish them for certain parameters. Whether this represents an advantage or disadvantage depends both on the application requirements and the perspective of the observer.  Bioplastics cover a broad class of materials made up of individual representatives with very different properties, and additionally, can be considerably modified.

What most biodegradable types have in common as compared to conventional plastics is their greater steam permeability, which is sometimes factors higher. This is particularly advantageous for certain applications.  Two such examples are: PLA barrier properties are not only desirable for breathable sportswear but they also ensure baking products remain fresh and crispy for longer. When using starch-based film packaging, there is no need for perforation as the film provides optimal humidity conditions for freshly packed fruit and vegetables.

Bioplastics also display very good printability, with no pre-treatment necessary. Certain types also have particularly high glossiness (PLA), high transparency (PLA), good aroma or fat barriers (for many types), high oxygen barrier properties (particularly starch products), pleasant surface feel or antistatic properties (starch materials). Furthermore they cover a broad spectrum ranging from mechanical properties, through impact toughness of certain polymers to the special crackling sound of PLA film products.

Barrier properties of bioplastics can be improved, for example through metalisation (SiOx or AlOx) or multi-layer structuring. The potential for development in this area has as yet hardly been tapped. Following in the steps of traditional plastics, bioplastics are also intensively compounded and extruded via multi-layer technology. Plasma and laser processes also considerably expand the range of applications of these new products.

A particular feature of biodegradable polymers is their eponymous characteristic. As a result of their material composition they are conducive to microbial decomposition and decompose in a composting plant within 12 weeks, leaving no harmful residues. However, the driving force behind the successful market introduction of the products lies in the mix of the material characteristics outlined.

As bioplastics development is still in its infancy compared with mass plastics, bioplastics do not yet possess the same comprehensive features as their "older colleagues ". Standard plastics have continued to be improved for decades, and upon closer examination, almost every plastic product emerges as a true high-tech product.